Hiroki Fukagawa, Youhei Fujitani
In the variational principle leading to the Euler equation for a perfect fluid, we can use the method of undetermined multiplier for holonomic constraints representing mass conservation and adiabatic condition. For a fluid with viscosity, the latter condition is replaced by the constraint specifying the way of dissipation. Noting that this constraint is nonholonomic, we can derive the balance equation of momentum for viscous and viscoelastic fluids in the framework of one variational principle. We can also derive the associated Hamiltonian formulation by regarding the velocity field as the input in the framework of control theory.
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http://arxiv.org/abs/1104.0866
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