Yoshimasa Kurihara, Nhi My Uyen Quac
We discuss reasons why a probability amplitude, which becomes a probability density after squaring it, is considered as one of the most basic ingredient of quantum mechanics. In the first place, an equation of motion in quantum mechanics, the Heisenberg/Schrodinger equation, describes a time evolution of the probability amplitude instead of a probability density. There may be some reasons why dynamics of a physical system is described by the amplitude. In order to investigate a role of the probability amplitude in quantum mechanics, specialized code-transfer experiments are designed using a classical information theory. Within this context, quantum mechanics based on the probability amplitude is proved to be that i) an error of the code transfer is minimum, ii) that error is independent of coding parameters and iii) non-trivial and non-local correlation can be realized. These are considered as essential advantages of the probability amplitude over the probability density.
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http://arxiv.org/abs/1304.5824
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